目的：比较学龄期儿童，不同类型屈光参差，双眼间视力及生物学参数的差异及其相关性。

方法：回顾性研究。纳入轻中度屈光参差的学龄期儿童(6-12岁)128例。根据屈光参差的类型分为5组。所有患儿均行睫状肌麻痹验光、眼部A超、角膜地形图检查。记录以下数据：屈光状态、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、前房深度(ACD)、晶体厚度(LT)、玻璃体腔深度(VCD)、眼轴长度(AL)、角膜曲率半径(CR)、轴率比(AL/CR)。统计学分析采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Spearman秩和检验。

结果：远视性屈光参差双眼间视力差异最大(0.14±0.20)，近视性屈光参差双眼间眼球生物学参数AL和VCD差异最大(0.56±0.41，0.56±0.39 mm)。双眼间屈光参差和BCVA、VCD、AL、AL/CR呈正相关(P<0.05)，相关系数r分别为0.266、0.379、0.350、0.263与LT、CR无显著相关(r=-0.019，-0.069，P>0.05)。然而在每个类型的组别中，屈光参差与双眼间的眼球生物学参数并无显著相关性。

结论：学龄期儿童远视性屈光参差在四种屈光参差类型中双眼视力差异最大。单纯远视或近视型屈光参差两眼间生物学参数的差异主要是由于VCD和AL的不对称，而散光型屈光参差双眼间的眼球生物学参数无显著差异。

METHODS: A total of 128 school-age children(6-12 years)with mild-to-moderate anisometropia were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into five groups according to anisometropia type. All participants underwent cycloplegic refraction, A-scan ultrasound biometry, and corneal topography. Refractive status, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), vitreous chamber depth(VCD), axial length(AL), corneal radius(CR), and ratio of AL and CR(AL/CR)were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman rank correlation tests were then used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Hyperopic anisometropia had the greatest binocular vision difference(0.14±0.20). Myopic anisometropia had the greatest asymmetry in AL and VCD(0.56±0.41 and 0.56±0.39 mm, respectively). Anisometropia was positively correlated with BCVA, VCD, AL, and AL/CR(r=0.266, 0.379, 0.350, 0.263, respectively; P<0.05), and it was not significantly correlated with LT and CR(r=-0.019,-0.069, respectively; P>0.05), while no parameters had a statistically significant correlation with anisometropia in each group.

CONCLUSION: School-age children with hyperopic anisometropia showed the greatest difference of binocular acuity in the four types of anisometropia. The inter-ocular differences of biometric parameters in simple hyperopic or myopic anisometropia were mainly attributed to the asymmetry of VCD and AL, while the differences in ocular parameters were not statistically significant in school-age children with astigmatic anisometropia.