目的：比较单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童双眼与正常眼黄斑区视网膜厚度及视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度的差异。

方法：选取2021-01/2022-10于成都市妇女儿童中心医院就诊的单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童62例124眼作为试验组，另选取同时间段就诊的正常视力儿童60例60眼(右眼)作为对照组。采用频域光学相干断层成像(SD-OCT)检测两组儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度及视盘周围RNFL厚度，并进行对比分析。

结果：试验组儿童弱视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度和视盘周围RNFL厚度均厚于对照组，且多数具有显著差异性(P<0.05)。试验组儿童对侧非弱视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度和视盘周围RNFL厚度多较对照组变薄，但多数无显著差异(P>0.05)。

结论：单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童弱视眼和对侧非弱视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度及视盘周围RNFL厚度与正常眼存在一定差异性，且对侧非弱视眼并不能完全等同于正常眼。

METHODS: A total of 62 children(124 eyes)with monocular anisometropic amblyopia who were treated in Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the experimental group, and 60 children(60 eyes; right eye)with normal vision who were treated in the same period were selected as the control group. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to detect the retinal thickness in macular region and the RNFL thickness around optic disc in the two groups, and comparative analysis was performed.

RESULTS: The retinal thickness and perioptic RNFL thickness of amblyopic children in experimental group were thicker than those in control group, and most of them had significant differences(P<0.05). The retinal thickness and perioptic RNFL thickness of contralateral non-amblyopic children in experimental group were thinner than those in control group, but there were no significant differences in most of them(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the retinal thickness of the macula and perioptic RNFL in the amblyopic eye and the contralateral non-amblyopic eye of monocular anisometropic amblyopic children compared with normal eyes, and the contralateral non-amblyopic eye is not completely equal to the normal eye.