角膜基质是维持角膜透明度的重要结构。外伤、感染、手术等可造成角膜基质损伤，引起修复的过程包括基质细胞表型改变、细胞外基质重塑、免疫细胞迁移。当基质严重受损，肌成纤维细胞增多和细胞外基质沉积发生基质纤维化反应，形成角膜瘢痕，是全球致盲的主要原因。目前治疗方式主要是角膜移植手术，因角膜供体资源短缺、手术技巧要求和术后移植排斥风险等治疗效果不佳。近年来，各种分子、细胞和组织对角膜基质损伤修复的调控机制取得一定研究进展。本文就角膜基质损伤修复的机制和角膜损伤原因、角膜结构、分子因素对角膜基质损伤修复的调控进行综述，为探索促进角膜基质修复和再生的途径提供新思路，希望帮助临床预防角膜瘢痕的发生。

Corneal stromal is an important structure to maintain corneal transparency. The corneal stroma can be injured by trauma, infection and surgery. Therefore, corneal stromal wound starts repair with phenotype changes in stromal cell, extracellular matrix remodeling and immune cells migration. The corneal scar was the leading cause of blindness worldwide, which can be caused by corneal stromal fibrosis from increased myofibroblasts and deposited extracellular matrix after sever damage. At present, corneal transplantation is the main treatment for corneal scar, which has limited therapeutic effect because of corneal donor shortage, surgical requirements and the risk of postoperative immune rejection. Recently, great progress has been made in the study of control mechanism of corneal stromal wound healing with various molecules, cells and tissues. This paper reviews the repair mechanism of corneal stromal injury and the regulation mechanism of cause of corneal injury, corneal structure and molecule factors towards corneal stromal injury. It aims at providing new ideas for exploring the mechanism of corneal stromal repair and regeneration, which is supposed to help prevent corneal scar clinically.

国家自然科学基金项目(No.81770899)