目的：分析深圳市龙华区新生儿眼底病筛查现状及常见眼底病变视网膜出血的相关影响因素，为临床新生儿眼底病变的预防、筛查及干预提供参考。方法：选取2019-09/2022-10于深圳市龙华区人民医院完成眼底筛查的新生儿3 101例为研究对象，分析眼底异常筛查结果，并采用Logistic回归模型分析影响新生儿视网膜出血的危险因素。结果：本研究纳入新生儿眼底发育异常检出率为12.71%，其中新生儿视网膜出血检出率最高(12.19%)，其余眼底异常类型包括视网膜周边白灶、色素沉着、色素脱落、脉络膜缺损及眼球震颤。378例新生儿视网膜出血分级Ⅰ级占比最多(75.66%)，随访发现不同分级视网膜出血均能随时间自动吸收，无需过多干预。Logistic回归分析提示，顺产[OR=3.180，95%CI(1.543～6.555)]、双胎[OR=2.119，95%CI(1.121～4.007)]、脐带绕颈[OR=1.547，95%CI(1.239～1.930)]是影响新生儿视网膜出血的危险因素。结论：视网膜出血是最常见的新生儿眼底异常种类，顺产、双胎及脐带绕颈是导致视网膜出血的危险因素，建议临床积极关注以上因素，选择合适的干预手段，避免严重的眼底并发症。

AIM: To analyze the screening status of neonatal fundus disease and the related influencing factors of common fundus retinal hemorrhage in Longhua District of Shenzhen, so as to provide references for the prevention, screening and intervention of neonatal fundus disease in clinical practice.METHODS: A total of 3 101 neonates who received fundus screening in the People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzen from September 2019 to October 2022 were selected as research objects. The screening results were summarized, and the risk factors for neonatal retinal hemorrhage were analyzed by Logistic regression model.RESULTS: The detection rate of neonatal fundus abnormalities was 12.71%, and the detection rate of neonatal retinal hemorrhage was the highest(12.19%). The other types of fundus abnormalities included periretinal white focus, chromatosis, pigment shedding, choroid coloboma and nystagmus. Hemorrhage grade I accounted for the largest proportion of 378 neonates with retinal hemorrhage(75.66%). Follow-up found that different grades of retinal hemorrhage could be automatically absorbed over time without excessive intervention. Logistic analysis suggested that spontaneous delivery [OR=3.180, 95%CI(1.543～6.555)], twin pregnancy [OR=2.119, 95%CI(1.121～4.007)] and umbilical cord round the neck [OR=1.547, 95%CI(1.239～1.930)] were risk factors affecting neonatal retinal hemorrhage.CONCLUSION: Retinal hemorrhage is the most common type of fundus abnormalities in neonates. Spontaneous delivery, twin pregnancy and umbilical cord around the neck are risk factors of retinal hemorrhage. It is recommended that pay attention to the above factors and choose appropriate intervention means to avoid serious fundus complications.

深圳市龙华区医疗卫生机构区级科研项目(No.2022053)