人工智能(AI)是指计算机模拟人类的智力推理、决策和行为。AI已经在各个医学领域得到了应用。由于AI高度依赖于眼成像技术和视觉数据，在眼科已显示出巨大潜力。AI的总体潜能包括筛查、诊断分级，自动检测疾病活动、复发、治疗效果量化，以及确定新疗法的相关靶点，使个性化医疗和大规模管理成为可能。本文简要介绍和评论AI在眼科中的主要应用，包括糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、青光眼、白内障，远程医疗以及相关主题，并提出了AI在临床实践中面临的机遇和挑战，包括临床和技术的挑战、数据质量、算法结果的可解释性、医学法律以及伦理问题等。

Artificial Intelligence(AI)refers to computer simulation of human mental reasoning, decision making, and behavior. AI has been implemented in various medical fields. AI application has shown tremendous potentials in ophthalmology, as it relies heavily on ocular imaging and visual data. The overall potential of AI includes screening, diagnostic grading, automated detection of disease activity, recurrences, quantification of therapeutic effects, and identification of relevant targets for novel therapeutic approaches, enabling personalized health care and large-scale management. This review briefly introduces and comments the main AI applications in ophthalmology, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract, telehealth, and related topics. The review also points out the opportunities and challenges in AI implement in clinical practice, including clinical and technical challenges, data quality, explainability of the algorithm results, medicolegal and ethical issues.