由新型冠状病毒(严重呼吸综合征-冠状病毒-2型，SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)，因其极高的传染致病性，严重威胁人类的生命健康，同时也给目前的医疗模式带来全新挑战。已有众多文献资料显示SARS-CoV-2感染不仅可以造成肺脏、肾脏、肠道等全身损害，而且也能累及眼组织，从较为常见的眼表疾病如角膜、结膜、巩膜炎症，到相对少见的旁中心急性中层黄斑病变和急性黄斑神经视网膜病变。对以眼部症状为首发或伴随症状的SARS-CoV-2感染患者而言，眼科医生如何甄别眼部表现与SARS-CoV-2感染之间的相关性无疑面临严峻的挑战。本文将结合近年相关文献，探讨由SARS-CoV-2感染和接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗所引起的相关眼部病变，涵盖了眼表、葡萄膜、视网膜和黄斑以及颅神经等病理改变。

The continuous pandemic coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is a serious threat to human life and health because of high infectious pathogenicity, and it also has posed a new challenge to the current medical model. Many literatures have shown that these changes range from the more common ocular surface diseases such as inflammation of the cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera, to the relatively rare paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy. For patients with ocular symptoms as the first or accompanying symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, how to identify the correlation between ocular manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 infection is undoubtedly a serious challenge for ophthalmologists. In this review, the ocular pathology caused by both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination was discussed, covering pathological changes in the ocular surface, uvea, retina and macula, and cranial nerves.