有限元方法(FEM)是力学研究中常用的数学方法，将物体划分为离散且相互作用的有限单元。在医学研究中，有限元分析(FEA)可模拟难以开展的生物力学实验。眼眶手术极具挑战性且具有陡峭的学习曲线，给眼科医生带来了巨大挑战。FEM可模拟分析眼眶组织的力学特性，为眼眶相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新的方法。随着技术的发展，FEM在眼眶疾病的诊疗中愈发成熟，并成为眼眶生物力学研究的热门领域。本文综述了眼眶FEM的最新进展，包括建立眼眶FEA模型、模拟眼眶结构以及在眼眶相关疾病中的应用情况。此外，还讨论了FEM的局限性和未来的研究方向。眼眶FEA作为一种辅助诊疗数字化工具，将随着技术的发展逐渐释放其在眼眶疾病诊疗方面的潜力。

The finite element method(FEM)is a widely employed mathematical technique in mechanical research that divides an object into discrete and interacting finite elements. Medically, finite element analysis(FEA)enables the simulation of biomechanical experiments that are challenging to conduct. Orbital surgery poses significant challenges to ophthalmologists due to its inherent difficulty and steep learning curve. FEM enables the simulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of orbital tissue, offering a novel approach for diagnosing and treating orbital-related diseases. With technological advancements, FEM has significantly matured in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases, becoming a popular area of research in orbital biomechanics. This paper reviewed the latest advancements in orbital FEM, encompassing the development of orbital FEA models, simulation of orbital structure, and its application in orbital-related diseases. Additionally, the limitations of FEM and future research directions are also discussed. As a digital tool for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, orbital FEA will progressively unlock its potential for diagnosing and treating orbital diseases alongside technological advancements.

国家自然科学基金项目(No.82060181); 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(No.GJJ210201)