视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)是第二大视网膜血管疾病，其病理生理机制复杂，除血管机械压迫外，炎症和内皮素也都被证实参与RVO的发病，但具体机制尚不明确。既往文献证明高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常是老年人群中最常见的危险因素，而近期研究发现凝血异常和血液流变学异常在50岁以下人群中更为常见。眼部危险因素也越来越受到重视，包括青光眼、高校正眼压及眼底血管异常。不同危险因素间存在协同关系，早期识别并且干预能有效降低RVO的发病率。本文旨在对近期相关研究进行综述，对现有机制理论进行总结，为发掘潜在药物靶点提供研究思路，同时为疾病危险因素识别和管理提供参考。

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO), the second most prevalent retinal vascular disease, has complex pathophysiological mechanism. Except for mechanical pressure on blood vessel, inflammation and endothelin have been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of RVO. However, its specific mechanism remains unclear. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia have been previously shown to be the most common risk factors in elder population, while recent studies found that coagulation and hemorheological abnormalities are more common in people under 50 years old. Ocular risk factors including glaucoma, high corrected intraocular pressure and retinal vessels abnormality, have gained more and more attention. These factors probably exert a synergistic effect when present simultaneously in the same patient. Therefore, early identification and intervention of those factors could lower the incidence of RVO. This article aims to review recent research and summarize existing mechanism and theories, giving some new research ideas for potential therapy targets and providing references for identification and management of risk factors.