目的：探讨血清和玻璃体中miR-126和miR-325与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)严重程度的关系。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2019-10/2022-10在本院治疗的PVR患者100例100眼。按照视网膜病变程度分为轻度组42眼和重度组58眼。选取同期因眼外伤在本院进行玻璃体切除术无视网膜病变的患者30例30眼为对照组。采用荧光定量PCR检测血清和玻璃体中miR-126和miR-325表达水平； ELISA检测血清、玻璃体中转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平； Pearson法分析血清和玻璃体中miR-126和miR-325水平与TGF-β、PDGF、VEGF、TNF-α水平的相关性； 采用Logistic多因素分析影响发生重度PVR的因素。

结果：PVR患者血清和玻璃体中miR-126水平较对照组降低，且重度组低于轻度组(均P<0.05)； miR-325水平较对照组升高，且重度组高于轻度组(均P<0.05)。重度组患者血清和玻璃体中TGF-β、PDGF、VEGF、TNF-α水平较轻度组均上升(均P<0.05)。PVR患者血清和玻璃体中miR-126水平与miR-325、TGF-β、VEGF、TNF-α、PDGF水平均呈负相关(均P<0.05)，miR-325与TGF-β、VEGF、TNF-α、PDGF水平均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，血清和玻璃体中miR-325、TGF-β、PDGF、TNF-α均是发生重度PVR的危险因素，miR-126是保护因素(P<0.05)。

结论：随PVR疾病的加重，患者血清和玻璃体中miR-126表达降低，miR-325表达升高，且与TGF-β、TNF-α、VEGF、PDGF具有相关性。

METHODS: A total of 100 cases(100 eyes)with PVR who were treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected and retrospectively studied. They were divided into a mild group(42 eyes)and a severe group(58 eyes)according to the degree of retinopathy, and another 30 cases(30 eyes)that underwent vitrectomy without retinopathy due to eye trauma in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-126 and miR-325 in serum and vitreous; ELISA was used to detect the levels of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in serum and vitreous; and Pearson's method was used to analyze the correlation between the serum and vitreous levels of miR-126 and miR-325 correlated with the levels of TGF-β, PDGF, VEGF, and TNF-α; Logistic multifactorial analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for the occurrence of severe PVR.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, miR-126 levels in serum and vitreous of PVR patients were decreased and lower in the severe PVR group than in the mild PVR group(both P<0.05); miR-325 levels were increased and higher in the severe PVR group than in the mild PVR group(both P<0.05). TGF-β, PDGF, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in serum and vitreous were increased in the severe PVR group compared to the mild PVR group(all P<0.05). The miR-126 levels in serum and vitreous of patients with PVR were negatively correlated with miR-325, TGF-β, VEGF, TNF-α, and PDGF levels(all P<0.05), and miR-325 was positively correlated with TGF-β, VEGF, TNF-α, and PDGF levels(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that miR-325, TGF-β, PDGF, and TNF-α were all independent risk factors for the development of severe PVR in serum and vitreous, and miR-126 was an independent protective factor for the development of severe PVR in serum and vitreous(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: With the aggravation of PVR, miR-126 expression in serum and vitreous decreased while miR-325 expression increased and correlated with TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF, and PDGF.