[关键词]
[摘要]
外泌体普遍存在于血、尿液、唾液、腹水、羊水等体液中，参与细胞间交流、信号转导、遗传物质运输、维持内环境稳态和免疫调节，具有广泛而重要的生物学功能。外泌体将蛋白质、脂质和核酸运输到靶细胞，促进细胞间的通讯。随着研究的深入，发现它们在生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用，是诊断和治疗疾病的重要生物标志物，在许多疾病如癌症、心血管疾病、脑部疾病的免疫调节、炎症反应、新生血管生成方面发挥重要作用。越来越多的研究表明，外泌体也在眼科疾病的发生与发展中扮演了重要角色。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了外泌体的研究历史和生物学功能，在眼科疾病(包括角膜疾病、青光眼、眼外伤、年龄相关性黄斑变性、葡萄膜炎和眼内肿瘤)中的发病机制和应用前景。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Exosomes are commonly found in blood, urine, saliva, ascites, amniotic fluid and other body fluids, and are involved in intercellular communication, signal transduction, transport of genetic material, maintenance of internal environmental homeostasis and immune regulation, with a wide range of important biological functions. Exosomes transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells and facilitate intercellular communication.As research continues, they have been found to play important roles in physiological and pathological processes, and are important biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It plays an important role in immunomodulation, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis in many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and brain diseases. More researches suggest that exosomes also play an important role in the development and progression of ophthalmic diseases. In this review, the research history and biological functions of exosomes, as well as their pathogenesis and prospects for the application in ophthalmic diseases, including corneal diseases, glaucoma, ocular trauma, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and intraocular tumors, were discussed
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
成都市卫生健康委员会医学科研基金项目(No.2022415); 爱尔眼科医院集团科研基金项目(No.AC2207D01,AM2207D01)
