目的：利用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)评估光学放大效应对儿童青少年近视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度测量的影响。

方法：选取2023-04/2024-01就诊于我院眼科中心的68例126眼6-18岁儿童青少年。按照等效球镜度数(SE)分为轻度近视组(-0.50 D结果：轻度近视组的校正前后黄斑区各象限视网膜厚度以及平均视网膜厚度比较无差异(均P>0.05)。在中度近视组中，校正前后黄斑区各象限视网膜厚度以及平均视网膜厚度比较有差异(均P<0.001)。校正前，两组间黄斑区外环颞侧和外环上方的视网膜厚度存在显著性差异(P=0.019、0.035)。其他象限的视网膜厚度在两组间比较无差异(均P>0.05)。校正后，两组间的黄斑区中心凹、内环鼻侧、内环颞侧、内环上方、内环下方、外环鼻侧视网膜厚度及平均视网膜厚度存在显著性差异(均P<0.05)。光学放大效应校正前，黄斑区外环的视网膜厚度与SE呈正相关(均P<0.05)，与AL呈负相关(均P<0.05)。通过校正，发现黄斑区中心凹、内环视网膜厚度和平均视网膜厚度与SE存在显著负相关(均P<0.05)。此外，黄斑区各象限的视网膜厚度及平均视网膜厚度与AL均呈正相关(均P<0.001)。

结论：光学放大效应对儿童青少年近视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度测量的准确性产生影响，并且随着AL的增加，这种影响变得更为显著。

METHODS:A total of 68 cases(126 eyes)of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years old attending our optometric center from April 2023 to January 2024 were selected. They were divided into 44 cases(83 eyes)in the mild myopia group(-0.50 DRESULTS:In the mild myopia group, there was no statistically significant difference between the retinal thickness in each quadrant of the macular area before and after correction and the mean retinal thickness(all P>0.05). In the moderate myopia group, the differences between the retinal thickness in each quadrant of the macula and the mean retinal thickness before and after correction were statistically significant(all P<0.001). Before correction, there was a significant difference in retinal thickness on the temporal side of the outer ring and above the outer ring of the macula in both groups(P=0.019, 0.035). However, retinal thickness in the other quadrants was not statistically different between the two groups(all P>0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in the macular fovea, the nasal side of the inner ring, the temporal side of the inner ring, the upper inner ring, the lower inner ring, the nasal side of the outer ring, and the mean retinal thickness after correction(all P<0.05). Before correction for optical amplification, retinal thickness of the outer ring of the macula was positively correlated with SE(all P<0.05)and negatively correlated with AL(all P<0.05). By correction, a significant negative correlation was found between the macular fovea, the inner ring, and the mean retinal thickness with SE(all P<0.05). In addition, retinal thickness in all quadrants of the macula was positively correlated with AL(all P<0.001).

CONCLUSION:The optical amplification affects the accuracy of retinal thickness measurements in the macular region of myopic eyes of children and adolescents, and the effect becomes more significant as the AL increases.