[关键词]
[摘要]
小胶质细胞起源于卵黄囊中的原始巨噬细胞，它们既是免疫系统的防御者，又是稳态的调节者。它们主要表现为两种极化状态：M1促炎表型极化状态和M2抗炎表型极化状态。小胶质细胞的极化在炎症性疾病、代谢失调和神经退行性病变的发生发展过程中起着至关重要的作用，且许多眼科疾病的病理生理过程也与之相关，如年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的新生血管、炎症反应和氧化应激的过程。由于小胶质细胞的极化状态影响疾病的进展和预后，因此，在AMD的不同阶段调节小胶质细胞的极化表型有望成为新的个体化治疗方案。文章回顾了小胶质细胞极化在生理和病理条件下的作用，概述了其与AMD的相关性，并探讨了调节小胶质细胞极化治疗AMD的巨大潜力。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Microglia, originating from primitive macrophages in the yolk sac, serves as both immune system defenders and regulators of homeostasis. These cells exhibit two primary polarization states: conventionally activated(M1)and alternatively activated(M2). The polarization of microglia plays a crucial role in influencing inflammatory disorders, metabolic imbalances, and neural degeneration. This process is implicated in various aspects of ocular diseases, especially age-related macular degeneration(AMD), including inflammation, oxidative stress and pathological angiogenesis. The distinct functional phenotypes of microglia impact disease progression and prognosis. Thus, regulating the polarization or functional phenotype of microglia at different stages of AMD holds promise for personalized therapeutic approaches. This comprehensive review outlines the involvement of microglia polarization in both physiological and pathological conditions, emphasizing its relevance in AMD. The discussion underscores the potential of polarization as a foundation for personalized treatment strategies for AMD.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(No.81770889); 珠海市科技计划医疗卫生项目(No.ZH22036201210134PWC)
