目的：分析糖尿病视网膜病变模型的造模特点及验证指标，分析现在动物实验造模的不足之处，为建立糖尿病视网膜病变模型规范化提供参考依据。

方法：通过知网、万方、维普、PubMed等数据库检索与糖尿病视网膜病变动物实验相关的文献，归纳实验动物种类、等级、性别、年龄、造模方法、造模周期、验证指标、其他指标，并进行总结与分析。

结果：纳入符合标准的275篇文献，糖尿病视网膜病变动物模型以SD大鼠、Wistar大鼠为主； 实验动物性别以雄性为主，动物品种多为SPF级； 使用的动物年龄大部分在6-8周龄； 造模以建立1型糖尿病模型为基础者，主要以STZ作为诱导型模型； 而2型糖尿病模型以采用高脂高糖饮食联合STZ为主。成模标准主要通过检测视网膜形态结构、视网膜血管情况、视网膜功能及视网膜细胞凋亡情况以验证； 另外，通过检测视网膜组织中血管异常增生情况、氧化应激指标、炎症因子水平等方面，以及房水、玻璃体、血清中血管异常增生情况和炎症因子水平以评估模型。

结论：糖尿病视网膜病变动物模型虽已成为热点，但现有综述不全面，此次通过文献整理对动物模型的要素进行总结分析，总结其特点及局限性，为模型的建立提供方法学的参考，以期为后续中医药的临床与基础研究打下稳固基础。

METHODS: Literatures related to animal experiments on diabetic retinopathy were searched through the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed, and the experimental animal species, grade, gender, age, modeling method, modeling period, validation indexes, and other indexes were summarized and analyzed.

RESULTS: The 275 papers that met the criteria were included. The animal models of diabetic retinopathy were mainly SD rats and Wistar rats, the sex of the experimental animals was mainly male, and the animal breeds were mostly of the SPF class. The age of most of the animals used was in the range of 6-8 weeks old; the modeling was based on those who established the type 1 diabetes model, mainly using STZ as the induction model. While the type 2 diabetes model was based on the high-fat, high-sugar diet combined with STZ. The modeling criteria were verified by detecting retinal morphology and structure, retinal vascularization, retinal function, and retinal cell apoptosis. In addition, the model was evaluated by detecting abnormal vascular proliferation, oxidative stress indicators, and inflammatory factor levels in retinal tissues, as well as abnormal vascular proliferation and inflammatory factor levels in aqueous humour, vitreous humor, and blood serum.

CONCLUSION: Although the animal model of diabetic retinopathy has become a hotspot, the existing review is not comprehensive. Therefore, we summarized and analyzed the elements of the animal model through literature collation, including its characteristics and limitations, and providing methodological references for the establishment of the model, with a view to laying a solid foundation for the subsequent clinical and basic research of traditional Chinese medicine.