AIM: To systematically assess the effect of intravitreal injection of Aflibercept or Ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by using Meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Nature Series, ScienceDirect, and ESI Databases were searched until May 2019. Ten studies included a total of 1240 participants with DR had been administered in the Meta-analysis. Aflibercept or ranibizumab via intravitreal injection. After selecting useful information, we used RevMan 5.3 to further analysis. Systematic review and meta-analysis were used to design. RESULTS: The pooled results showed that central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly reduced (P<0.00001) in the intravitreous Aflibercept group (IVA); compared with the intravitreous Ranibizumab group (IVR), which did not greatly improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual acuity (VA). CONCLUSION: This Meta-analysis suggests that both IVA and IVR are effective in the treatment of DR patients. Specifically, Aflibercept shows better improvements in CMT, while Ranibizumab is beneficial in increasing BCVA or VA.